肺移植對於末期肺病病人而言，是一個可行的治療選擇。近年來，手術技術的精進及免疫抑制劑的發展，肺移植術後整體存活率顯著提升。然而，感染仍是肺移植病人移植後罹病和死亡最常見的原因。由於採取高劑量的免疫抑制劑，加上移植的肺臟持續與外界環境接觸，肺移植病人比其他實體器官移植病人有更高麴菌感染的風險。文獻指出肺移植病人發生麴菌感染的平均發生率為6.2%，總體死亡率高達52%。侵入性麴菌感染的首選治療和預防藥物是voriconazole，與現行肺移植後以tacrolimus為基礎的免疫抑制療法有很顯著的交互作用。臨床上，在控制麴菌感染的同時，需嚴密監控tacrolimus 的血中濃度及調整劑量，以達最適抑制排斥成效及最低副作用。Amphotericin B 與免疫抑制劑無交互作用，且吸入給藥無全身性給藥的副作用，對於麴菌感染的預防，不失為另一有效的選擇。

Lung transplantation is a viable treatment option for patients with end-stage lung disease. In recent years, improvement in surgical techniques and the development of immunosuppressive therapy have significantly improved the overall survival rate of lung transplant recipients. However, infection is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Due to the high level of immunosuppressive therapy and the continued contact of the transplanted lungs with the external environment, lung transplant recipients are at a higher risk of Aspergillus infection than other solid-organ transplant recipients. The literature indicates that the average incidence of Aspergillus infection in lung transplant recipients is 6.2%, and the overall mortality rate is as high as 52%. The preferred treatment and prophylaxis for invasive Aspergillus infections is voriconazole, which has significant drug-drug interaction with the current tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen. Clinically, while controlling Aspergillus infection, monitoring the trough level of tacrolimus closely, adjusting the optimal dose, and avoiding the side effects are necessary. Nebulized amphotericin B does not interact with immunosuppressants, and it is another effective choice for the prevention of Aspergillus infection.