高胰島素低血糖症 (hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, HH) 為一種新生兒常見的代謝性問題，是由於胰臟β 細胞調控胰島素分泌異常所導致。由於高胰島素的作用使大腦缺少能量來源，如果無法快速診斷HH 並立即進行處置，最終可能導致腦部傷害造成神經學後遺症。HH 的成因可分為暫時性及持續性。暫時性低血糖通常與分娩有關，而持續性低血糖則與內分泌及代謝調控異常有關。治療HH 的目標為校正低血糖，但低血糖如果持續存在，則應尋找其根本病因，並給予適當的治療。Diazoxide常做為第一線治療藥物，其他包括octreotide 及glucagon 也可作為治療藥物的選擇。Nifedipine 及sirolimus 為新的治療選擇，然而其治療效果及對新生兒的可能影響仍需進一步證實，期望未來有更多的臨床試驗結果，確立更佳的治療方法使病人能得到最好的預後結果。

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), a common metabolic disorder among neonates, is caused by an anomaly in the insulin secretion regulated by the β cells of the pancreas. Because hyperinsulinemia obstructs the human brain from acquiring energy, failure to promptly diagnose and treat HH leads to brain damage and subsequent neurological sequelae. The causes of HH can be temporary or persistent. Temporary hypoglycemia is often associated with childbirth, whereas persistent hypoglycemia is typically related to an anomaly in endocrine and metabolic regulation. The objective of treating HH is to correct hypoglycemia. However, if hypoglycemia persists, its root cause should be identified and properly treated. Diazoxide has commonly been applied as first-line treatment. Similarly, octreotide and glucagon have been used to treat HH. The treatment effect and possible side effects on neonates of nifedipine and sirolimus, which are newly developed medicines for HH, are yet to be tested. Additional clinical tests must be performed to verify the optimal treatment approach for HH to achieve satisfactory prognosis results.