高血壓、高血脂、高血糖 ( 三高 ) 是現代人常見的疾病，在器官移植病人中，由於免疫抑制劑的使用，使三高問題更為普遍且嚴重。三高可能引起移植器官功能的障礙，且會增加病人的死亡率，因此，免疫抑制劑引起三高副作用的處理是一個重要的議題。免疫抑制劑引起的副作用中，calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) 與 corticosteroids 會造成三高，而CNIs 相較之下，cyclosporine 較容易發生高血壓及高血脂，tacrolimus 則較常有高血糖的副作用；mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) inhibitors 會引起高血脂及高血糖問題；mycophenolate 少見三高問題，但須注意腸胃不適及血球方面副作用。降低免疫抑制劑的使用可減少三高副作用，但同時會增加排斥反應發生的機會，因此調整時須謹慎進行。本文將就免疫抑制劑造成三高的發生率、機轉及建議治療用藥進行整理，提供三高副作用的處理策略，希望藉此能提升移植病人的長期照護品質。

The hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia (three-hypers) are common medical conditions in the modern generation. The problem of three-hypers is especially more prevalent and serious in organ transplant patients due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs. The three-hypers may impair the function of transplanted organs and increase patient mortality rate, hence treating the adverse reactions of immunosuppressive drug-induced three-hypers is a critically important issue. Among the adverse reactions induced by immunosuppressive drugs, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and corticosteroids will lead to three-hypers. In comparison of the CNIs, cyclosporine is more likely to cause hypertension and hyperlipidemia, while tacrolimus more often produces the adverse reaction of hyperglycemia; mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR) inhibitors will lead to problems with hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Mycophenolate is not associated with the three-hypers, however, adverse reactions related to gastric discomfort and blood cells should be noted. While the adverse reactions of three-hypers can be ameliorated by reducing the use of immunosuppressive drugs, rejection reactions would be more likely to occur in doing so. Therefore, any adjustments must be made with caution. This article will summarize the incidence, mechanism, and suggested drug treatment of immunosuppressive drug-induced three-hypers as well as provide resolution strategies for the adverse reactions of three-hypers. Hopefully this will enhance the quality of long-term care for transplant patients.