卡波希氏肉瘤（Kaposi’s sarcoma）是一種罕見惡性腫瘤，好發於中東地區及地中海的男性老年人，1969年首例腎臟移植者罹患卡波希氏肉瘤的案例被發表出來，直到1980年開始陸續於後天免疫不全病人及接受器官移植者病人身上發現卡波希氏肉瘤的病癥。此卡波希氏肉瘤最常侵犯的部位是皮膚，其次是內臟器官或淋巴結。本文所引述的案例是一位41歲女性在接受腎移植後連續服用免疫抑制劑九個月，兩側頸部及鼠蹊部淋巴結逐漸變大而住院接受進一步檢查，經淋巴結切片之組織變化證實為卡波希氏肉瘤；住院期間發生了上消化道出血，經由胃腸道內視鏡檢查並取出組織切片，組織學上觀察到紡綞細胞增生和血管裂隙處併有出血現象，所以診斷為卡波希氏肉瘤。在此案例中其人類免疫不全病毒抗體（HIV Ab）、人類 疹病毒-8（HHV-8）等病毒血清篩檢皆呈陰性反應，因此，病毒致癌的可能性應可排除。免疫抑制劑的使用可能是誘導卡波希氏肉瘤產生的主要原因。當此案例在施以局部止血處理並調整免疫抑制劑之種類後，成功地使卡波希氏肉瘤消失，回復正常。
 

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare malignancy and in its classic form affects elderly men mainly from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean region. The first case of post-renal transplantation KS was reported in 1969. Until 1980, the transplant literature reported few cases of KS in AIDS patients and recipients of organ grafts. The majority of patients had lesions of the skin, and the others involved the visceral organs or lymph nodes. A case of KS in a 41-year-old female patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy 9 months after renal transplantation was presented. She was admitted due to bilateral neck and inguinal lymph node enlargement gradually. She received lymph node biopsy and histology reported KS. Unfortunately, upper gastroenterologic bleeding and esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed multiple lesions, and biopsy was taken. Histological examination demonstrated spindle cell proliferation and vascular slits with hemorrhage, which are characteristics of KS. Because human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIV Ab) and human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) were all negative, we considered the pathogenesis was related with immunosuppressive therapy. The active bleeding ceased after local coagulation treatment, and KS successfully regressed following modification of the immunosuppressive therapy.