本病例報告探討疑似高劑量cytarabine投與，引起之神經毒性。患者於十二週內進行了三次的高劑量cytarabine治療。在第一次治療時，發生了發音困難（dysarthria）、動作障礙（dysmetria）及肌肉活動協調困難（dystaxia）等不良反應，這些症狀於7天後逐漸緩解。六個星期後，患者進行第二次治療，發音困難與肌肉活動協調困難等症狀只輕微地出現。第三次高劑量cytarabine強化治療時，則未出現小腦毒性相關症狀。藉由cytarabine引起的神經毒性之相關病理生理學和藥理學機轉探討回顧，以期提升cytarabine於臨床使用之安全性。

This case report illustrated the neurotoxicity unique to high-dose cytarabine (HDAC). The patient had received three cycles of HDAC during a twelve-week period. In the first cycle of treatment, dysarthria, dysmetria, and dystaxia were seen after completion of HDAC. These symptoms resolved over a period of seven days. Six weeks later, the patient received the second cycle of treatment. The patient also developed dysarthria and dystaxia, but the symptoms were much less. No any cerebellar toxicity was seen during the third cycle of treatment. A better understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of cytarabine-induced neurotoxicity will allow this drug to be used with greater safety.