小腸移植手術提供小腸衰竭的病人脫離靜脈營養以及提升生活品質的機會，但因小腸器官本身的特性，使得小腸移植的病人相較於其他的器官移植在術後免疫抑制劑的選用、抗排斥藥品的濃度調整、術後營養支持、器官排斥預防、移植物對抗宿主疾病、感染等併發症的處理有許多的困難與挑戰。
本院是臺灣第一家施行小腸移植手術的醫院，截至2015 年1 月為止已有13 名成功案例，手術成功率100%。而移植後免疫抑制療程固定使用rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) 為主的induction therapy 並配合tacrolimus 使用，五年內病人存活率為61%。
本文回顧過去文獻探討並對照本院經驗，分享小腸移植病人免疫抑制劑的使用及術後常見併發症的處理。

Small intestinal transplantation is the only treatment to wean patients of intestinal failure from complications due to total parenteral nutrition. Because of the complexity of the surgery and the unique characteristic of grafts, there are difficulties in choosing immunosuppresants, adjusting the serum level of drugs, nutrition support and managing complication such as rejection, graft versus host disease and infection.
Our institution is the first medical center in Taiwan performing small intestinal transplantation. We have performed the surgery on 13 patients with intestinal failure, and the success rate is 100%. The protocol indicated the use of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) as induction agent and followed by tacrolimus monotherapy, and the five-year survival rate is 61%.
In this article, we reviewed the cases of our institution and the published literatures to discuss the preand post-operational immunosuppression therapy and the management of the post-operational complications.