Giapreza 為合成的人類血管收縮素Ⅱ (angiotensin Ⅱ )，可以使血管收縮和血壓升高。美國Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 依據ATHOS-3 臨床試驗核准為治療成人敗血性休克或其他分布性休克 (distributive shock) 的升壓劑。研究顯示靜脈輸注Giapreza 可以有效增加血壓，並減少常規升壓藥的劑量。推薦起始劑量是20 ng/kg/min。每5 分鐘監測一次血壓並調整給藥量，每次遞增最多15 ng/kg/min，以達到或保持目標血壓。嚴重的不良反應為血栓性栓塞事件 (thromboembolic events)，故治療時要同時進行靜脈血栓栓塞預防性治療；並注意會惡化氣喘和充血性心衰竭。回顧相關文獻後的結語是Giapreza 對於高劑量常規升壓藥療效不佳的血管擴張性休克病患的血壓能安全有效提高；但ATHOS-3 追縱期最長28 天且樣本數少，潛在長期利弊仍屬未知。

Giapreza is a synthetic peptide vasoconstrictor that is identical to human hormone angiotensin Ⅱ which leads to vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of Giapreza in adults to treat low blood pressure resulting from septic or other distributive shock based on the evidence obtained from ATHOS-3 clinical trial. The initial dose of Giapreza is 20 ng/kg/min by continuous IV infusion. Blood pressure response is monitored and the dose is titrated q5 min by increments of up to 15 ng/kg/min prn to achieve or maintain target blood pressure. The severe adverse reactions reported in Giapreza-treated patients were thromboembolic events. Concurrent venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is recommended when Giapreza is used. Be alert that worsening asthma and congestive heart failure might occur during Giapreza treatment. The clinical trials have demonstrated that Giapreza is effective in adults with septic or other distributive shock after high doses of norepinephrine or other similar vasopressors are tried. The ATHOS-3 trial has several limitations, which include short follow-up period of 28 days and small sample size. Long-term benefits for Giapreza treatment is yet to be confirmed.