男性與女性因生理的差異，導致除了對疾病的發生有所差異，對於藥物治療反應更是有所不同。這個差異對於藥物治療的療效及藥物使用的安全性來說，是非常重要的，因此必須去瞭解這些差異，並進行風險評估及整理出安全有效的治療，在此我們整理性別之差異影響藥物動力學之吸收、分布、代謝與排泄及改變藥效學的文獻，以提供未來藥物治療上，精準與個人化醫療的前進。

Physiologic differences between men and women lead to differences in disease occurrence and response to drug treatment. Because sex-related differences crucially influence the efficacy and safety of drug treatment, it is necessary to understand these differences. In this review, we summarize sex-related differences that influence pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamics, and provide insights into future pharmacotherapy based on precision and personalized medicine.