Allopurinol藉由抑制xanthine oxidase的作用，而廣泛應用於治療高尿酸血症。我們報告一個疑似服用allopurinol導致再生不良性貧血（aplastic anemia）的案例。一位42歲的女性病患，患有高血壓及慢性腎衰竭，因痛風症狀而服用allopurinol，在13個月後發生嚴重全血球減少症及再生不良性貧血症狀。停藥後，雖接受anti-lymphocyte globulin化學藥物治療但仍無法復原，最後因敗血性休克死亡。我們建議allopurinol在慢性腎衰竭患者的使用，除了必須依據腎功能調整劑量外，服藥期間仍須密切監測血液方面的檢驗值及臨床相關的症狀。

Allopurinol is a drug used in the treatment of hyperuricemia due to its strong inhibition of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. A rare case of aplastic anemia which was considered to be induced by allopurinol was reported. A 42-year-old female had suffered from hypertension and chronic renal failure. She was administered allopurinol for gout attack for 11 months, and subsequently developed severe pancytopenia and aplastic anemia. After withdrawal of allopurinol administration, she received chemotherapy of anti-lymphocyte globulin but died of sepsis, without hematological recovery. Not only should the allopurinol dosage be adjusted in compliance with the renal function of patients with kidney damage, but the hematological data and clinical symptoms of these patients also should be closely monitored.