全球的多重抗藥性結核病 (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MDR-TB) 與廣泛抗藥性結核病 (extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, XDR-TB) 迅速蔓延。儘管全球結核病進一步取得了控制，但MDR-TB 與XDR-TB 患者的疾病負擔和治療結果幾乎沒有變化。2016 年，世界衛生組織 (World Health Organization, WHO) 發布了抗藥性結核病管理新準則，旨在以快速的分子檢測提高檢測率，和以短期治療處方治療抗藥性結核病，使治療效果更好。新藥bedaquiline 及delamanid 的開發與新的藥物分類也加入抗藥性結核病治療指引，以期達到治療抗藥性結核病成功的結果。

The multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are spreading worldwide. Although MDR-TB had been controlled, but the disease burden and treatment outcome in patient with MDR-TB had remained virtually unchanged. In 2016, The World Health Organization published a new guideline for drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. This guideline intended to use rapid molecular tests to improve the detection rate and short-term regimens to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis to achieve a better treatment effect. In order to achieve a successful treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, the new drugs developing,bedaquiline and delamanid, and new classifications of anti-TB drugs applicability were included in new guideline for drug-resistant TB treatment.